The Ban and Protests
In September 2025, Nepal’s government imposed a ban on 26 major social media platforms, including Facebook, Instagram, WhatsApp, X (Twitter), and YouTube. The government said the decision was linked to mandatory registration requirements for these platforms. The sudden move triggered outrage across the country, especially among Gen Z users who rely heavily on social media for communication and activism.
Protests began shortly after the ban was announced. What started as peaceful demonstrations escalated into violent clashes with security forces in multiple cities. At least 18 to 19 people were killed, and hundreds were injured in the violence. Curfews were imposed in certain areas to control the unrest.
PM Oli’s Explanation
Prime Minister K.P. Sharma Oli stated that the protests were the result of ‘ambiguity’ in the government’s communication. He said the ban was not intended to restrict freedom of expression but to regulate social media companies operating in Nepal. Oli emphasized that the lack of clear communication created misunderstandings, leading to the scale of public anger. Following the protests and rising casualties, the government lifted the ban.
Political Fallout
The violence and loss of life brought strong political repercussions. Home Minister Ramesh Lekhak resigned, citing moral responsibility for the unrest. The government has formed a committee to investigate the events, with a report expected within 15 days. Relief measures and medical aid were also promised for victims and their families.
Public Reaction
The protests reflected deep frustration among young people in Nepal. For Gen Z, social media is not only a tool for entertainment but also a vital platform for activism, political discourse, and economic opportunities. The sudden restriction was seen as an attack on their rights, fueling further anger and distrust toward the government.
Global Context
Nepal’s move fits into a wider regional pattern where governments have attempted to control digital platforms, citing reasons such as misinformation, security, and sovereignty. Similar efforts have been seen in India, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka. However, in Nepal’s case, TikTok was notably excluded from the ban, raising questions about selective decision-making.
Lessons and Way Forward
The events highlight the importance of clear communication and transparency in policymaking. The deaths during the protests underline the risks of sudden digital restrictions in a society where online spaces are deeply tied to daily life and democratic participation.
Going forward, Nepal’s government faces the challenge of rebuilding trust with its younger citizens. The episode shows that regulatory goals must be matched with open dialogue to avoid future unrest.
Conclusion
Nepal’s lifting of the social media ban ended the immediate crisis, but the impact of the protests will resonate for years. The tragedy demonstrated the costs of unclear policies and the growing power of digital platforms in shaping civic life. For Nepal, and for the wider region, the lesson is clear: regulation without communication can quickly turn into conflict.
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Author: Team BTP
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